Bad Cases Of Impetigo

Comparative analysis of conceptual map editors free to use

Authors: C. Fontanals Rovira, B. Mesa Lao (*)
Source: BiD Universitaris of library texts i Documentació, No. 16, June 2006
Url document: http://www.ub.es/ ...

(*) Institut Universitari de Lingüística Applied (IULA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Introduction

The graphical representation of concepts emerged and developed in academic environments as a mechanism to explain the learning process in a clear and flexible. In recent years, the emergence of new digital learning scenarios and the consolidation of hypertext as a means of content delivery offer new application scenarios for this technique of representation No knowledge. Schemes web graphics can facilitate the one hand, the physical navigation through the contents of a site and, on the other, conceptual or semantic navigation through this content. In the first case, we use navigation maps as a means to represent the physical architecture behind a website. In the second case, used the concept maps to represent the logical architecture of the site.

This article is divided into 5 parts. Apart from the introduction in the second, it introduces the notion of concept map and it is related to the concept of navigation map in the context of the Internet. In the third, are the main editors of conceptual maps available free on the web and provides a comparison between them. Finally, we analyze the web sites of publishers to determine their degree of implementation in accordance with the positioning to get on the Internet and include the general conclusions.

This research has been conducted by the Group DigiDoc within the project "Semantic Web and document information systems, the Ministry of Education HUM2004-03162/FILO and Science (2004-2007). Source

concept maps and psychological theory

The origin of concept maps to be placed in the work of Joseph D. Novak made in the mid sixties of last century, in the context of a research project on the psychology of learning. Novak (1982, 1984, 1988) investigating children's learning in school, based on the theories of Ausubel (1989) and created the concept maps as a tool to visualize the type of lessons learned. Novak did not think of any Internet time, among other reasons because the network did not exist. It was then when you have seen the usefulness of these maps to facilitate access to information in digital environments.

Interestingly, some basic principles of learning theory of Ausubel which gave rise to the concept maps. The fundamental idea of \u200b\u200bthis author is based on the concept of meaningful learning , understood as learning in which the student relates new concepts to concepts already familiar in contexts that also dominates. Thus, there is an overall sense of knowledge acquired. This type of learning is conscious and substantially different from rote learning, based on recall phrases implying a true comprensióny assimilation of concepts. Meaningful learning is stored in long-term memory, whereas rote learning is stored in short-term memory. Ausubel

mentions three conditions that must occur to produce meaningful learning in the context of a training activity:

• The information has to be learned must be presented in a conceptually clear so you can relate to student's prior knowledge.
• The student must have prior knowledge that they can relate new information that has to learn.
• The student must take the decision to learn significantly.

On the other hand, Ausubel believes that the human faculty of memory is not a passive recipient to be filled, but a complex set of interrelated systems and restructure must be fed constantly.

Concept maps graphically can express relationships between concepts and thus show how an individual interrelated concepts I already knew the concepts that have been taught. Based on this principle, Ausubel concept maps used as an indicator to determine if a student had learned significantly and as a tool to assess how similar content had been organized.

Concept maps A concept map is a graphical representation of a set of interrelated concepts. This is a graphic that shows a set of ideas (concepts) and relations established between them. The ultimate goal is to capture graphically the conceptual structure of the map that the author has about the subject depicted.

According to Novak, a concept map consists of concepts and linking phrases. The concepts are represented within a rectangle and the linking phrases labeled line linking one concept with another showing the relationship established between them. Link phrases are not framed in a rectangle to differentiate the concepts.

Typically, concepts are expressed with a noun or noun phrase. The linking phrases are usually prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions and verb phrases.

[...] [Continues ]

Rosetta Stone Rsd Play

Six Spanish universities team up to launch a search engine Internet that responds to direct questions

Source: El País , 08/04/2007
Url document: http://www.elpais . com / ...

Researchers from the universities of Alicante (UA), Barcelona, \u200b\u200bJaén, UNED and the Polytechnic University of Valencia and Catalonia designed a new Internet browser will attempt to increase the effectiveness of the consultations to provide simple answers to specific questions, compared to the current model, which simply provides listings pages web.

The principal investigator, Patricio Martinez Barco, and the director of Group Language Processing and Information Systems , Manuel Palomar, both from the AU, explained that the project is Text-Mess funded with one million euros within the National Plan for R & D, and which began last October, with a term of three years. For Martinez Barco, a growing Internet information overload, some studies estimate that more than 200,000 million page-causes that have become "obsolete" the current search engines.

The project aims to define a new generation search engine capable of finding "the need behind each query," adds the researcher, to offer specialized services and links to the type of demand. Thus, it is intended that, for example, Internet users interested in knowing the height of the Eiffel Tower to automatically obtain the number of meters and the source of data origin and not, as so far, a list of thousands of pages where you can get to try to discover the solution.

English Computer engineers involved in Text-Mess integrated document search (web pages) to multimedia (images, audio and video) and database . Another novelty of this project is to give a bigger role to European languages \u200b\u200bagainst the English. Thus, the form of art will enter variables in European languages \u200b\u200band get the answer in the same language but the information can be extracted from a page written in a different web. Scientists working for the browser is operating in French, Italian, German, Bulgarian, Romanian, Czech, Finnish, Russian, English, Valencian and Catalan, will be extended into other languages.

Sarah Hendy Wikipedia

Remote Control, 1903 [on Torres Quevedo]

Source: El País, 17/03/2007
Url document: http://www.elpais.com/ ...

Telekino International recognition for an invention of Leonardo Torres Quevedo to control ships and dirigibles

The remote control, which generates daily as many domestic disputes to get its control, is a very useful gadget with a long history behind it. It was the English engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1852-1936) who in 1903 designed, built, tested and patented the first remote control. He called Telekino. It was not the only invention of this restless Cantabria born engineer who has completed his studies in Madrid in 1876. In addition to his experiments came Telekino such notable contributions as the first dirigible English, the first shuttle capable of transporting people who started at Mount Ulia of San Sebastian in 1907. One of those shuttles created by Torres Quevedo, the English Aerocar , continues today to operate on the Niagara Falls.

This man, who gained recognition from his contemporaries and refused the post of Minister of Public Works in 1918, was a forerunner of modern computing. Proof of this chess-players a taste of what we now call "artificial intelligence and electromechanical Arithmometer , a calculator together with a typewriter, history of digital computers.

The prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE ), has now recognized the invention of Telekino - tele (distant) and kino (movement) - included in your list Official Milestones (Milestones ) in the history of engineering [1 ] [ 2 ]. This is the first time a English creation comes in as a select list, where Torres Quevedo now shares the spotlight with Benjamin Franklin, Alessandro Volta, Guglielmo Marconi, between 65 and recognized landmarks. Two Leonardo Torres Quevedo (grandson and great grandson), together with other descendants of the celebrated engineer milestone yesterday with the authorities of the Polytechnic University of Madrid. It unveiled a plaque at the School of Civil, in the room devoted to Torres Quevedo, where the prototype-running-the Telekino. Three

impulses go straight ... seven pulses, 10 degrees to starboard ... eight pulses, 20 degrees to starboard ... These commands move the propeller and the ship's wheel attached to Telekino. Torres Quevedo created to control the airship without anyone in danger in the tests, but tested the remote with a boat at the Casa de Campo in Madrid and then in 1906 in the estuary of Bilbao.

The demonstration worked perfectly but the lack of support for its application will probably disappoint the engineer, who left the work.

More info: Torres Quevedo, L. (1907). The Telekino . Public Works Magazine , 55, Volume I (1653) pp. 325-328.

Good Snowbaord Movies

Processing natural language in the case of Spanish-rules and knowledge base

Author: Comeche Martínez, Juan Antonio (*)
Source: ANABAD Bulletin, 2005, 55 (1-2) : 87-96.

(*) School of Information Science , Biblioteconomíay Documentation Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)

Summary Information Retrieval, a possible area technique to increase the accuracy of the results obtained by the system in response to user demand is to subject the natural language texts in the collection process of unification of the linguistic variations of the words in the language concerned. Such variants can be both inflected language as derivative. The unification of inflectional variants seeks to bring together under a single term indexing words that are distinguished by gender (cat, cat), the number (cat, cats) or by verbal inflection (love, love, loved, had loved ...). The unification of variant derivative, for its part, seeks to bring together under one term all the words that are part of the same semantic field although they have different endings (eg, distress, distressed, distressed, distressing ...).

De Martínez Comeche see also in relation to the previous document:

SREC-I: prototype Intelligent Recovery System [PDF ]
In Documentation of Information Science , Volume 28, 2005

Summary Description of a prototype intelligent retrieval system called SREC-I developed in Prolog. Explains their general characteristics, initially motivated by didactic purpose. Here are the main component modules in Prolog code and two of them.

[Begin text, we have omitted the footnotes to the original page]

Information retrieval, as a study area, has behind it more than forty years of business. Since its inception the primary goal has not changed, so that meet the information needs of users typically show the documents where you find the information sought and automate the process with maximum efficiency and effectiveness, the challenge remains fundamental of the many researchers working in this field.

During these decades many different approaches have been tried, from the traditional Boolean model, vector or probabilistic, to which we can include under the common denomination of techniques artificial intelligence, which include neural networks or genetic algorithms.

Since the first conference TREC (Text REtrieval Conference), held in Gaithersburg, Maryland, between 4 and 6 November 1992, it paid particular attention to the evaluation of systems and specifically the need for systems where test results and test collections of which to compare the improvements achieved with the techniques under consideration. Among the various information retrieval systems (CRS) of free access that will be used SMART and ZPRISE stand.

But to have been designed specifically for evaluation RESEARCH AND decreases, however, its utility from the educational point of view. The test collections that serve as input to these SRI, for example, meet all the documents in a single text file, reserving special characters to indicate the beginning and end of each of them. By contrast, in actual SRI library is not fixed, it is usual that the ups and downs of documents to be constant. In order that students could also see these processes of incorporation and disposal of funds, SREC-I was designed so that each document is stored in a separate file.

On another important note, these systems usually require that decisions on operating parameters (method of calculating the weights of the terms, for example) are taken prior to both the performance No program, so that while executing users / students and can not intervene or are told the specific techniques employed or the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters used by the system at that time. Thanks to this computing time can be compared and evaluated, although the didactic utility is seriously impaired. As initially the prime focus in our case was the teacher, SREC-I was designed in an interactive way: the system warns the student of many of the mistakes made by him to run, he explains the nature and helps to solve without being forced to reboot. In addition, it refers specifically about each of the techniques and parameters that you can take in every moment, which forces the student to be much more aware of the operating mode internal CRS.

These two characteristics mentioned we should add a third but not least: SREC-I was not designed by adopting a specific model or approach when designing recovery informació n. On the contrary, the burden of documentation is done so that any of the three recovery models called classical (Boolean, vector and probabilistic) can in principle be made with the collection, although not yet probabilistic model is deployed in SREC-I. It was decided and at the time thinking that the student may thus become aware of their potential use in the future Shall decide on the systems and collections in their care.

Moreover, since it was initially thought to be adding new modules to the system increase their operating options, mainly from the field of Artificial Intelligence and more specifically to ; area of \u200b\u200bNatural Language Processing. That is why the name was imposed smart (SREC-I) and the reason that has been developed entirely in Prolog, whereas specific capabilities of this language for the development of programs related to the handling of natural language and in general with Artificial Intelligence.

The first such expansion is in advanced stage of development. This is a stemmer for the Castilian hopefully see the light over the next year. It has also been programmed in Prolog and the possibility exists that SREC-I may be used for evaluation. Its use for this purpose does not depend primarily on the implementation of a charging algorithm that supports the test collections existing in a single file.

SREC-I has already been tested during the past academic groups of third year of the Diploma in Biblioteconomíay Documentation (elective course in Advanced Treatment Systems and Information Retrieval) and the second year of the Bachelor of Documentation (in the core subject Advanced Techniques of Information Retrieval), obtaining good reception and generally satisfactory results. This fact encourages me to continue with the project and make improvements to the deficiencies observed.

My intention is to make it available to all teachers who wish to do so through a web portal whose launch is planned for next year. While it is not possible to download the program in its entirety, at least the interested reader may consult the following pages the salient features of the current modules of SREC-I and code PROLOG say two of them, which I believe development of the most difficult and despite numerous existing bibliographical material on Prolog, for although sometimes very valuable, to my knowledge none specifically addresses the creation of code for a SRI in that language.

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