Do Dickies Shrink When You Wash Them?

semantic browsers or browser semanticize

Author: José A. Senso (Universidad de Granada)
Source: IweTel - Thinkepi
Url document: http://www.thinkepi.net/ ... / http://listserv.rediris.es/ ...

The following, along with replicas that resulted, was originally published in the mailing list last IweTel 10/04/2007. As mentioned, gave rise to interesting replicas that can be located loose in the days thereafter, file IweTel list, or grouped together with the initial text in the repository of Thinkepi.

[Begin text]

After several years since the emergence of the concept of Semantic Web seems that in certain respects the "invention" is evolving in a more than favorable. There are a lot of projects that employ some (or most) layers of the famous graphic explanatory Berners-Lee. Today we can find many programs with varying success, have been able to capture many of the ideas introduced in this philosophy of managing the data. But where they still have taken few steps, or at least not very strong, is in practice more visible to users: browsers. It is assumed that all this large amount of information which is structured in XML, described with metadata, organized with ontologies and recovered by means of intelligent agents, should be visible by some method . What mechanism is with the average user is most familiar and integrated within the existing site?

Indeed, browsers provide a link between the surfer and information, and making transparent ignoring all this conglomeration of acronyms, protocols and standards. If this happens on the web "normal", ie we work with today, regardless of whether the name is 2.0, dynamic, blogosphere or who want to invent new, it is logical that something similar happens with the natural evolution: the semantic web.

A quick tour projects and, especially, semantic software allows us to distinguish between two different methods for browsers that provide semantic information display. The first one, I will call Semantic Browser, which is intended to browsers designed specifically for the semantic web. The second, which I call semanticize the Navigator, adds elements to existing programs to extend their chances of drawing certain semantic features seaworthiness incorporated into web pages. In

Navigators group Semantic highlights, of course, an invention of Tim Berners-Lee, to be honest, is not so successful as it should. Tabulator is his name, although in these early versions works as a browser within a browser, it is logical that the evolution over time it becomes an independent software. This open source program based on Ajax, it works in Firefox (you need to solve a small problem of security as explained in the help ) or Opera widget . This browser is

based on a protocol that its creators have called bread crumbs (bread-crumbs). The idea is to browse resources in a scalable, which means you do not need to load into memory all the information contained in the file you are viewing (usually in RDF, but not limited). The information will show as the user is going to require, as a person is slowly picking up crumbs of soil to reach the desired destination.

Along with this new navigation system, the browser can identify on a map the geographical location expressed as a file (for example, who have identified a FOAF file the coordinates of your workplace, show the exact location) via Google Mashup or query using the query language for RDF SPARQL . Although still a long way to go, the proposed platform is very promising. Of course, there are other browsers in this category are able to show that semantic information similarly. What stands BigBlogZoo , Haystack client that runs on Eclipse or Aktive Space.

Although there are many programs to semanticize the Navigator, which is spreading more and more possibilities for the future presented is Piggy Bank. It is written in Java extension for the Firefox browser that makes it possible to extract certain key elements of a website and store it in RDF.

Depending on the information you find on a web page, Piggy act in two ways. Thus, if the site has an RDF file or any application thereof, such as FOAF, or meta-information regardless of whether is Dublin Core meta tags or HTML, the program will capture the informacióny integrated into a repository, as a local database, organized according to the structure described. If, however, the site has no information of this type, the software will invoke a scraper to remove this informacióny the structure.

The Screen Scraping is a technique that is used for automatic extraction of text, obviating the binary information (images, multimedia, etc.).. The scrapers are able to work programs with any text to processes and structures. In fact, they are frequently used by Internet search engines as an appendix to work done by their spiders. Scroogle , for example, uses this technique to search Google without leaving those annoying commercials about the results. Piggy

includes three different scrapers written in JavaScript which are fully configurable, you just have to have some minimal knowledge in this programming language, but also new thinking can be used to retrieve images on Flickr ( FlickrPhotoScraper ) or search for friends to turn social networks Frying Orkut Scraper or Linkedin ). Even tells you how you should do one to search for apartments .

The information collected can be added tags to describe it. The technique of putting each contribute keywords has become very popular thanks to sites like del.icio.us CiteULike or, as it leads a community to build a taxonomíay post it to a semantic global bank, and this is another interesting choice that we see in Piggy Bank. The bank is a repository semantic community descriptions in RDF that allows its users to share information they have collected. It is a very easy to publish and share structured information. Although currently there are only two: one generic , which is a mess, and another specifically established for the conference ISWC2005. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating semantic banks for professional groups, subject areas, etc., Is more than interesting. It is still less interesting studying a mechanism to get together all the tags created by individual users of the system. If an ontology would be able to collect the names provided in a folksonomíay allow, in addition, people could determine the relationship between them, facilitate the creation of folksologies (folk ontologies). But this is a topic for another text. Piggy

addition, other programs, which are presented as extensions of Firefox and expand the possibilities offered by the browser. Highlight them all especially Greasemonkey and Chickenfoot as they facilitate the inclusion scripts to manipulate web page elements automated.

really can not close this paper with a conclusion. No one can say that projects choose to create specific semantic browsers have a more solid basis than those who decide to extend the semantic possibilities of the current browsers. Maybe a hybrid system, which provides protocol Tabulator bread crumbs with the automatic generation of RDF descriptions and semantic bank Piggy Bank, along with the ability to navigate and boo Search of MSPACE (incidentally, that after watching the demo anyone would occur many possibilities of applying this program to a library) settle the ideal browser.

[ aftershocks continue ]

Bad Cases Of Impetigo

Comparative analysis of conceptual map editors free to use

Authors: C. Fontanals Rovira, B. Mesa Lao (*)
Source: BiD Universitaris of library texts i Documentació, No. 16, June 2006
Url document: http://www.ub.es/ ...

(*) Institut Universitari de Lingüística Applied (IULA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Introduction

The graphical representation of concepts emerged and developed in academic environments as a mechanism to explain the learning process in a clear and flexible. In recent years, the emergence of new digital learning scenarios and the consolidation of hypertext as a means of content delivery offer new application scenarios for this technique of representation No knowledge. Schemes web graphics can facilitate the one hand, the physical navigation through the contents of a site and, on the other, conceptual or semantic navigation through this content. In the first case, we use navigation maps as a means to represent the physical architecture behind a website. In the second case, used the concept maps to represent the logical architecture of the site.

This article is divided into 5 parts. Apart from the introduction in the second, it introduces the notion of concept map and it is related to the concept of navigation map in the context of the Internet. In the third, are the main editors of conceptual maps available free on the web and provides a comparison between them. Finally, we analyze the web sites of publishers to determine their degree of implementation in accordance with the positioning to get on the Internet and include the general conclusions.

This research has been conducted by the Group DigiDoc within the project "Semantic Web and document information systems, the Ministry of Education HUM2004-03162/FILO and Science (2004-2007). Source

concept maps and psychological theory

The origin of concept maps to be placed in the work of Joseph D. Novak made in the mid sixties of last century, in the context of a research project on the psychology of learning. Novak (1982, 1984, 1988) investigating children's learning in school, based on the theories of Ausubel (1989) and created the concept maps as a tool to visualize the type of lessons learned. Novak did not think of any Internet time, among other reasons because the network did not exist. It was then when you have seen the usefulness of these maps to facilitate access to information in digital environments.

Interestingly, some basic principles of learning theory of Ausubel which gave rise to the concept maps. The fundamental idea of \u200b\u200bthis author is based on the concept of meaningful learning , understood as learning in which the student relates new concepts to concepts already familiar in contexts that also dominates. Thus, there is an overall sense of knowledge acquired. This type of learning is conscious and substantially different from rote learning, based on recall phrases implying a true comprensióny assimilation of concepts. Meaningful learning is stored in long-term memory, whereas rote learning is stored in short-term memory. Ausubel

mentions three conditions that must occur to produce meaningful learning in the context of a training activity:

• The information has to be learned must be presented in a conceptually clear so you can relate to student's prior knowledge.
• The student must have prior knowledge that they can relate new information that has to learn.
• The student must take the decision to learn significantly.

On the other hand, Ausubel believes that the human faculty of memory is not a passive recipient to be filled, but a complex set of interrelated systems and restructure must be fed constantly.

Concept maps graphically can express relationships between concepts and thus show how an individual interrelated concepts I already knew the concepts that have been taught. Based on this principle, Ausubel concept maps used as an indicator to determine if a student had learned significantly and as a tool to assess how similar content had been organized.

Concept maps A concept map is a graphical representation of a set of interrelated concepts. This is a graphic that shows a set of ideas (concepts) and relations established between them. The ultimate goal is to capture graphically the conceptual structure of the map that the author has about the subject depicted.

According to Novak, a concept map consists of concepts and linking phrases. The concepts are represented within a rectangle and the linking phrases labeled line linking one concept with another showing the relationship established between them. Link phrases are not framed in a rectangle to differentiate the concepts.

Typically, concepts are expressed with a noun or noun phrase. The linking phrases are usually prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions and verb phrases.

[...] [Continues ]

Rosetta Stone Rsd Play

Six Spanish universities team up to launch a search engine Internet that responds to direct questions

Source: El País , 08/04/2007
Url document: http://www.elpais . com / ...

Researchers from the universities of Alicante (UA), Barcelona, \u200b\u200bJaén, UNED and the Polytechnic University of Valencia and Catalonia designed a new Internet browser will attempt to increase the effectiveness of the consultations to provide simple answers to specific questions, compared to the current model, which simply provides listings pages web.

The principal investigator, Patricio Martinez Barco, and the director of Group Language Processing and Information Systems , Manuel Palomar, both from the AU, explained that the project is Text-Mess funded with one million euros within the National Plan for R & D, and which began last October, with a term of three years. For Martinez Barco, a growing Internet information overload, some studies estimate that more than 200,000 million page-causes that have become "obsolete" the current search engines.

The project aims to define a new generation search engine capable of finding "the need behind each query," adds the researcher, to offer specialized services and links to the type of demand. Thus, it is intended that, for example, Internet users interested in knowing the height of the Eiffel Tower to automatically obtain the number of meters and the source of data origin and not, as so far, a list of thousands of pages where you can get to try to discover the solution.

English Computer engineers involved in Text-Mess integrated document search (web pages) to multimedia (images, audio and video) and database . Another novelty of this project is to give a bigger role to European languages \u200b\u200bagainst the English. Thus, the form of art will enter variables in European languages \u200b\u200band get the answer in the same language but the information can be extracted from a page written in a different web. Scientists working for the browser is operating in French, Italian, German, Bulgarian, Romanian, Czech, Finnish, Russian, English, Valencian and Catalan, will be extended into other languages.

Sarah Hendy Wikipedia

Remote Control, 1903 [on Torres Quevedo]

Source: El País, 17/03/2007
Url document: http://www.elpais.com/ ...

Telekino International recognition for an invention of Leonardo Torres Quevedo to control ships and dirigibles

The remote control, which generates daily as many domestic disputes to get its control, is a very useful gadget with a long history behind it. It was the English engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1852-1936) who in 1903 designed, built, tested and patented the first remote control. He called Telekino. It was not the only invention of this restless Cantabria born engineer who has completed his studies in Madrid in 1876. In addition to his experiments came Telekino such notable contributions as the first dirigible English, the first shuttle capable of transporting people who started at Mount Ulia of San Sebastian in 1907. One of those shuttles created by Torres Quevedo, the English Aerocar , continues today to operate on the Niagara Falls.

This man, who gained recognition from his contemporaries and refused the post of Minister of Public Works in 1918, was a forerunner of modern computing. Proof of this chess-players a taste of what we now call "artificial intelligence and electromechanical Arithmometer , a calculator together with a typewriter, history of digital computers.

The prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE ), has now recognized the invention of Telekino - tele (distant) and kino (movement) - included in your list Official Milestones (Milestones ) in the history of engineering [1 ] [ 2 ]. This is the first time a English creation comes in as a select list, where Torres Quevedo now shares the spotlight with Benjamin Franklin, Alessandro Volta, Guglielmo Marconi, between 65 and recognized landmarks. Two Leonardo Torres Quevedo (grandson and great grandson), together with other descendants of the celebrated engineer milestone yesterday with the authorities of the Polytechnic University of Madrid. It unveiled a plaque at the School of Civil, in the room devoted to Torres Quevedo, where the prototype-running-the Telekino. Three

impulses go straight ... seven pulses, 10 degrees to starboard ... eight pulses, 20 degrees to starboard ... These commands move the propeller and the ship's wheel attached to Telekino. Torres Quevedo created to control the airship without anyone in danger in the tests, but tested the remote with a boat at the Casa de Campo in Madrid and then in 1906 in the estuary of Bilbao.

The demonstration worked perfectly but the lack of support for its application will probably disappoint the engineer, who left the work.

More info: Torres Quevedo, L. (1907). The Telekino . Public Works Magazine , 55, Volume I (1653) pp. 325-328.